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H. F., HUBBARD. MAGAZINE AIR GUN.

10.471,176. Patented Mar. 22, '1892.

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` this invention is shown as applied is one which HARVEY F. HUBBARD, OF MANITOVOC PATENT OFFICE.

, VISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO F.H. HALEY, OF SAME PLACE.

MAGAZINE AIR-GUN.

` SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 471,176, dated March 22, 1,892.

Application filed March 6, 1891- Serial No. 383,945. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HARVEY F. HUBBARD, a citizen of the United States, residing at Manitowoc, county of Manitowoc, and State of Wisconsin, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Magazine Toy Guns, which are fully set forth in the following specication, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part thereof.

This invention relates to toy guns designed for discharge of small missiles, as shot, of substantially uniform size; and it consists in providing a magazine in connection with the discharge-barrel and adapted to deliver shot thereinto one by one automatically when the trigger is set for discharge, and, as herein illustrated, is particularly adapted in detail to the specific class of toy guns commonly called air-guns -that is, to those in which the projectile force is compressed air.

The particular species of air-gun' to which is shown in Patent No. 434,862, granted to Charles H. Clement, dated August 19, 1890, in which the air is compressed behind the missile in the discharge movement of the piston, the pistonr being forced forward in a piston-chamber by the reaction of a spring which 1s compressed by drawing the piston down by proper levers preparatory to discharging. The piston-chamber communicates at its end with the dischargebarrel, which is of small diameter relatively to the piston-chamber, so that the escape of air from the piston-chamber is too slow to prevent the piston from compressing it in the chamber in its discharge movement under the action of the spring, thereby storing the necessary force to eject the missile.

I do not limit myself to the application of the present invention to that specific form of gun. On the contrary, it is applicable not only to air-guns, but to other forms of mechanically-discharged guns, as will appear from the description.

In the drawings, Figure lis a longitudinal section of a toy gun of the species above indicated having my invention applied thereto. Fig. 2 is a top or edge plan. Fig. 3 is a detail section, on an enlarged scale, of the dischargebarrel and magazine, the parts being in the normal positionthat is, in the position occupied after discharge. Fig. 4 is a similar sectional detail showing the parts in the position occupied when the lever is drawn back to en- 5 5 gage the piston-rod with the trigger to pre* pare for discharge and before it is restored to the normal position,this latter movement being also performed before discharge. Fig. 5 is a section at the line 5 5 on Fig. 4.

A is the gunstock or handle, comprising also the body A', in which the barrel, pistonchamber, and magazine are inclosed.

B is the piston-chamber; B, the piston therein; B2, the spring which operates the pis- 6 5 ton in its discharge movement; B3, the trigger which locks the piston by engaging the hook B10 at its inner end.

C is the discharge-barrel, which communicates with the upper or outer end of the pis- 7o ton-chamber B.

D is the compressing-lever pivoted to the stock A, having the arm D', adapted vto lie upon the upper side of the stock above the trigger, and the link D2, connected to the lever at a short distance from its pivot on the stock and extending forward and lying upon the upper edge of the stock in the depression a, formed for that purpose, and engaging the ratchet-hook B11, which projects upward from 8o the trigger. As thus far described, the construction is substantially that shown in said Patent No. 434,862 to Charles H. Clement, dated August 19, 1890, and is designed to be operated by throwing the lever D back onto the stock, thereby causing its link D2, which engages the piston, to pull the same 'back from its normal position, the link sliding in the depression a. The trigger being operated to release the piston, the spring forces the lat- 9o ter forward, and the air before it in the pistonchamber being compressed by its rapid move ment reacts more gradually by expanding forward into the barrel and ejects therefrom the missile whichJhas been lodged therein.

My invention consists in parts, which l will now describe, applied to this gun.

E is a magazine-tube, which is secured in the gunstock parallel with the barrel, adapted to contain in a single row or pile shot of the roo size designed for` the discharge-barrel of the gun. It may be filled from the upper or outer end, and, as illustrated, it is filled through the short duct or tube E', inserted transversely to the magazine at the upper end in the cover of the gunstock. I prefer this construction rather than to continue the magazine to the end of the gunstoek, because in the latter case there would be liability to mistake in charging the magazine, since the barrel and magazine would appear alike at the ends and the barrel might receive the charge instead of the magazine. As a matter of convenience 1n construction, the magazine extends down to the top of the piston-chamber and is secured to it, although, as will hereinafter appear, the lower portion, for a fraction of an inch at least, is not available as a magazinespace, and the bottom of the magazine may be considered as beginning at the point e, where a proper stop is provided to prevent the charge from extending below that point. On the side of the magazine toward the barrel, opposite the position which would be occupied by a shot resting on the stop or bottom of the magazine, I provide an aperture E2 Just large enough to permit the passage of the shot.

F is a short tube, which extends from the magazine to the barrel, being of the same diameter as the magazine and barrel and of suitable size, therefore, to permit the passage through it of one of the shot adapted to be used in the gun. This tube F is connected to two sleeves H H which slide on the barrel and on the magazine, respectively, the short tube F communicating into said sleeves at its ends, respectively. This structure-to wit, the short tube F and the sleeves H IIL-connected to it constitute acharge-conveyer or means of carrying one charge, which in the ordinary use of the rrun is a single shot, from the magazine to the barrel, and to adapt the barrel to receive a charge from this conveyer I ferm in the barrel C, on the side toward the magazine at a short distance above the bottom of the barrel, a hole c of a size to permit shot to pass through it, said hole being out of line trans versely with the hole E2 in the magazine E. Preferably it is so far out of line that when the short tube F registers at one end with the hole E2 the sleeve H will completely cover the hole c, and in like manner when the other end of the tube F registers with the hole c the sleeve H will completely cover the hole E2. This charge eonveyer, comprising the tube F and the sleeves I-I H has a lateral proj ection H2 serving as a stop, as heretofore explained, to the end of which is made rigid the rod or bar H3, which extends parallel with the magazine and barrel at a little distance therefrom for a distance nearly equal to the entire stroke of the piston, and at its upper end said rodorbar has an inwardly-projecting stop H4, corresponding to the stop H2, and which may be provided at its inner end with a short sleeve or ring H40, which runs on the barrel C merely for the purpose of retaining the bar H2, and thereby the stop H4, in proximity to the barrel. To the link D2, I connect loosely the rod K, which extends parallel with the piston-chamber and the barrel and magazine, and has the downwardly-projecting end K', which protrudes between the bar II3 and the barrel and is adapted to engage the stops H2 and ll4 when the link D2 is reciprocated by the lever D, and the distance between said stops is enough less than the stroke of the piston and consequent movement of the rod K that the downwardly-projecting end K of the rod in order to complete its stroke engages said steps at each end ofthe stroke, and thereby moves the eharge-conveyer a short distance, and the position and proportion of the parts are so calculated that this movement is just sufficient to shift the eharge-conveyer from the position where one end of its cavity registers with the opening E2 to the position Where the other end registers with the opening c. The normal position shown in Fig. l and in Fic'. 3 being that at which the link is at the upper or outer limits of its stroke is that at which the end K of the rod K is engaged with the stop Il, and at this position the charge-conveyer registers with the opening E2 in the magazine, and at this position, therefore, a shot will fall through from the magazine into the said cliarge-eonvcyer. IVhen the leverD is rocked back,and the rod K thereby drawn down to the lower limit of its stroke, its end K' will at the latter part of that stroke encounter the stop K2 and move the same and said charge-conveyer to the pesitiou shown in Fig. fl, where it registers with the opening c in the barrel, said charge-conveyer carrying with it in that movement the charge--usually a single shotlodged iu it, and in the same movement closing the opening E2 and preventing the escape of any more shot. 'While the parts are for an instant in the position shown in Fig. it, the charge contained in the charge-conveyer will fall through the openingc in the barrel and retreat to the bottom end thereof, assuming that the gun is held in an upwardly-inclined position, and when the lever D is rocked back to its normal position, as necessary to prepare the gun for discharge, the rod K will restore the charge to the positions shown in Figs. l and 3, where it closes the opening c and registers with the opening E2 and receives, therefore, another shot preparatory to the next action. The trigger being operated, the gun will be discharged. The charge which has been lodged in the barrel C being ejected, the movement may be repeated, bringing a new charge into the barrel at each repetition until the magazine is emptied. Preferably a cover E2 will be provided at the charging-mouth of the magazine to prevent the accidental escape of the contents, and to prevent the accidental escape otherwisethan by theforcible discharge of the shot lodged in the barrel a light spring C may be provided within the barrel above the aperture c so light that it may be pushed aside by the shot when t-hc latter is forcibly IOO discharged, but obstructing the passage, so that the shot will not fall out past it with its own weight.

I claiml. In a mechanically-discharging gun, in combination with the barrel, the magazine adjacent thereto, said barrel and magazine having each a lateral aperture of size to admit one charge, a charge-conveyer having extending through it transversely to the barrel and magazine a cavity adapted to contain one charge, and means for moving it longitudinally with respect to the barrel, the cavity in said conveyer when at one position registering at onev end with the magazine-aperture and covering the barrel-aperture and when at another position registering at the opposite end with the barrel-aperture and covering the magazine-aperture, whereby at each reciprocation it is adapted to convey a charge from the magazine to the barrel, substantially as setforth.

2. In a mechanically-discharging gun, in combination with the barrel, a magazine parallel thereto, a charge-conveyer extending transversely between the magazine and barrel and provided with guides on the barrel and magazine, whereby it is retained between them and adapted to reciprocate longitudinally with respect to them, the magazine and barrel having each an aperture in their opposite sides, which register with the opposite ends of the charge-conveyer at different longitudinal positions of the latter, and means for moving the charge-conveyer longitudinally with respect tothe barrel and magazine, substantially as set forth.

3. In a mechanically-discharging gun, in combination with the barrel,'the magazine adjacent thereto, the barrel and magazine being fixed with respect to each other and having apertures in their proximate sides, a charge-conveyer extending between them and having extended through it transversely to said barrel and magazine an aperture adapted to contain a charge, registering at one position with the magazine-aperture and at another position with the barrel-aperture, the charge-ejecting plunger and the connections by which it is operated, and a rod operated by the same connections and engaging the charge-conveyer to reciprocate it from the position at which it registers with the barrelopening to that at which it registers with the magazine-opening, substantially as set forth.

4. In a mechanically-discharging gun, in combination with the discharge-plunger, the charge-receiving barrel and a magazine adj acent thereto, said barrel and magazine having corresponding apertures for the passage of a charge from the magazine to the barrel and registering at one position with the magazineaperture and at another position with the barrel-aperture, the link D2, which operates the discharge-plunger, the rod K,connected thereto, and the charge-conveyer having rigid with it the stops H2 and H4 and said rod having the downwardly-projecting end which engages said stops, whereby the operation ot' said link in retracting the plunger and returning to normal position reciprocates the charge-conveyer, substantially as set forth.

5. In combination, substantially as set forth, the barrel C, the magazine E, parallel therewith, the charge-conveyer comprising the sleeves I-I H', adapted to slide on said barrel and magazine, and the tube F, connecting them, the barrel and magazines having at different longitudinal positions the apertures for the passage ofv a charge, and means, substantially as described, for reciprocating the charge-conveyer to cause it to register alternately with the barrel-aperture and with the magazine-aperture.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand at Manitowoc, Wisconsin, in the.

presence of two witnesses, this 16th day of February, 1891.

HARVEY F. HUBISARD. Witnesses:

FRED E. HARRIS, E. D. HUBBARD. 

